in 1848 following the Mexican–American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. Historically home to the Kumeyaay Native Americans, San Diego has been referred to as the Birthplace of California, since it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the U.S. San Diego is the second largest city in the state of California after Los Angeles. The city is known for its mild year-round Mediterranean climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches and parks, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth-most populous city in the United States, the second-most populous in California and the seat of San Diego County, the fifth-most populous county in the United States, with 3,286,069 estimated residents as of 2021. San Diego ( Spanish for ' Saint Didacus' / ˌ s æ n d i ˈ eɪ ɡ oʊ/ SAN dee- AY-goh, Spanish: ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border.
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